What are the three components that contribute to total stopping distance?

The three components that contribute to total stopping distance are perception distance, reaction distance, and braking distance.

Perception distance refers to the distance a vehicle travels while the driver is recognizing a hazard or the need to stop. This is the initial phase of stopping where the driver identifies the situation in front of them.

Reaction distance is the distance the vehicle travels from the moment the driver decides to stop until they physically apply the brakes. This time varies based on the driver's reaction time and can be influenced by fatigue, distractions, or other factors.

Braking distance is the distance it takes for the vehicle to come to a complete stop after the brakes have been applied. This distance can vary significantly based on factors such as vehicle speed, road conditions, and the effectiveness of the braking system.

Understanding these components is crucial for safe driving, as it helps drivers anticipate how long it will actually take them to stop in various situations.